Geoarchaeology is a multi-disciplinary approach which uses the techniques and subject matter of geography, geology, geophysics and other Earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological knowledge and thought.

Geoarchaeological research integrates a wide range of Geoscience approaches and methods to tackle in-site and ex-situ archaeological questions from artifact to landscape resolution. The discipline involves the study of source materials, palaeoenvironment, stratigraphy and chronology, deterministic forces and ancient agriculture and water harvesting.

Geoarchaeological research is also a significant component in Quaternary and environmental studies.