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The lab investigates developmental pathways of risk and resilience among adolescents and young adults, with particular attention to involvement in crime, violence, and substance use. Research in this area focuses on individual, familial, school, and community-level influences, and emphasizes the protective mechanisms that enable positive adaptation in the face of adversity. Large-scale, cross-national studies such as the WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey provide a comparative context for examining these processes across diverse social and cultural settings