The lab studies have also been devoted to exploring the personal aspects of coping with cardiac illnesses, with a specific focus on identifying how personality traits and other individual characteristics, such as perceptions, and feelings, can influence outcomes for both patients and caregivers. Through the utilization of cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal designs, we have investigated the impact of personality traits, on the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral regulatory processes experienced by both patients and their family members (e.g., Bei, E. et al., 2022; George-Levi, et al., 2020). These findings highlight the significance of considering an individual's personal features when seeking to understand the psychological adjustment of patients and caregivers in the context of cardiac illness. In a similar vein, we developed a novel tool called the Inclusion of Illness in the Self Scale (IIS), which assesses the extent to which patients and caregivers perceive the illness as part of their own identity.