Coral reefs are among Earth's most diverse and vital ecosystems, providing habitat for countless marine species and essential services for coastal communities. Our lab research explores reef dynamics across spatial, temporal, and depth-related gradients, combining biology, physiology, palaeoecology, contemporary surveys, environmental monitoring, and advanced modelling. By studying reef environments from the Red Sea, Great Barrier Reef, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea, we aim to uncover historical baselines, assess rarity patterns, and predict future changes under climate stress and anthropogenic disturbances. Through this work, we strive to enhance conservation strategies and inform restoration efforts to protect these critical ecosystems for future generations.